Under what condition is legally relevant evidence excluded?

Legally relevant evidence is an essential component of any trial, as it helps establish facts in a dispute. However, there are situations where such evidence may be excluded, particularly when its probative value—meaning its ability to prove something pertinent to the case—is outweighed by its prejudicial effect. This means that while the evidence may be relevant, it could unfairly sway the judge or jury by appealing to emotions or causing bias, leading to a potentially unfair trial. Courts prioritize fairness and the integrity of the judicial process, so when the harmful impact of the evidence surpasses its usefulness in proving a case, it may be excluded to ensure that the proceedings remain just and equitable.

The other options offered do present conditions that can limit the utility or application of evidence, but they do not encapsulate the core principle behind the exclusion based on the balance of probative value versus prejudicial effect.