What effect do statements not offered for their truth have on the listener or reader?

Statements not offered for their truth primarily serve to convey intent or state of mind, which is why the choice indicating that they show intent or state of mind is the most accurate. These types of statements can help establish the mental state of a party at a particular time, which can be important in legal contexts. For example, if a person makes a statement about their feelings or intentions, that statement may be relevant to understanding their behavior or motivation, even if it is not presented to prove the truth of the assertions made.

This understanding of a person's mindset can be crucial in various legal situations, such as assessing the validity of a contract, determining fault in tort cases, or establishing the credibility of testimony. Essentially, the focus is on the effect that the statements have on the listener or reader, rather than the truth of the content of the statements themselves.

The other options do not capture this nuance: statements that are not offered for their truth do not automatically constitute hearsay, nor do they inherently provide a legal defense or create binding contracts. Their primary role, therefore, lies in illustrating intent or state of mind, making that the most appropriate choice in this context.