What is the basic rule regarding a witness reading from a previously prepared document during testimony?

The basic rule concerning a witness reading from a previously prepared document during testimony is that witnesses usually cannot read from a prepared document. This principle is rooted in the idea that testimony should be delivered based on the witness's recollection and personal knowledge rather than a scripted, potentially rehearsed statement.

When a witness reads from a document, it can diminish the spontaneity and authenticity of their account, which is crucial for assessing credibility in a trial setting. This restriction helps ensure that the testimony reflects the genuine observation or experience of the witness rather than relying on potentially biased or carefully worded materials.

While there are exceptions to this rule, such as when a document is used to refresh a witness's memory or when it contains statements that can be introduced as evidence, the general stance is that direct reading from a prepared document is not permitted to maintain the integrity of the testimony.