What is the correct way to introduce a learned treatise into evidence?

A learned treatise is a recognized exception to the hearsay rule, allowing statements from well-established publications to be admitted to support expert testimony. The correct method of introducing a learned treatise involves ensuring that its content is not directly presented as evidence in the usual way, such as submitting it as a physical exhibit or summarizing it. Instead, the treatise should be read into the record, typically after an expert witness has established that the treatise is a recognized authority in the field.

When read into evidence, the treatise must be properly authenticated, often through confirmation by the testifying expert that it reflects accepted knowledge in the relevant discipline. This process effectively allows the court to consider the treatise's authoritative statements to bolster the witness's testimony while adhering to evidentiary standards regarding hearsay.

The other options do not align with the established procedures for introducing a learned treatise. Submitting it as a physical exhibit requires additional steps to establish reliability, summarizing its contents may misinterpret its authority, and requiring multiple experts to "sign off" lacks a basis in evidentiary rules and could complicate the introduction process unnecessarily.