Which of the following documents are considered self-authenticating?

Certified copies of public or business records are considered self-authenticating under the rules of evidence. This means that they do not require extrinsic evidence to prove authenticity; they can be accepted as genuine based solely on their status. This is because public records are maintained by government entities and, as such, carry inherent trust in their legitimacy. When these documents are properly certified, they carry a presumption of accuracy and truthfulness that facilitates their admission in court without the need for further evidence to establish their authenticity.

In contrast, personal letters and notes, handwritten notes from witnesses, and emails or electronic communications typically require additional context or evidence to support their authenticity before being admitted, as they do not carry the same presumptions of trustworthiness as certified public records.