Which of the following examples is NOT considered a testimonial statement?

The correct answer identifies 911 emergency calls as not being considered a testimonial statement. Testimonial statements are typically those that are made under oath or in the presence of legal authorities where the witness intends to convey information for the truth of the matter asserted.

In the context of 911 calls, these are usually spontaneous statements made by individuals seeking immediate assistance in an emergency situation. While they can carry significant weight in legal proceedings, they are generally viewed as excited utterances or present sense impressions rather than formal testimony. The lack of a structured setting, intention for the testimony, or the ability to cross-examine the caller contributes to this classification.

Formal statements made during police questioning and grand jury hearings are deliberate and intended to provide evidence in a legal context, thereby qualifying as testimonial statements. Similarly, forensic lab reports are documents prepared by experts that follow specific protocols and guidelines, often resulting in findings shared in a court of law but are not direct witness testimony.